Black History Month Part 9: We Were Never Less: The Defiant Ascent Of Black America: The Misrepresentation Industry – Footnotes

  1. Early, Jubal A. A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America. Lynchburg: Charles W. Button, 1867. Southern Historical Society founding correspondence documented in Gallagher, Gary W. The Confederate War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
  2. United Daughters of the Confederacy. “A Measuring Rod to Test Text Books, and Reference Books in Schools, Colleges and Libraries.” 1919. Documented in Wineburg, Sam. Why Learn History (When It’s Already on Your Phone). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.
  3. Pollard, Edward A. The Lost Cause: A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates. New York: E.B. Treat, 1866.
  4. Dunning, William Archibald. Reconstruction, Political and Economic, 1865–1877. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1907.
  5. Du Bois, W.E.B. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1935. Reprint: Free Press, 1998.
  6. Stokes, Melvyn. D.W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation: A History of “The Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time.” New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Klan membership figures: MacLean, Nancy. Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  7. Levin, Josh. The Queen: The Forgotten Life Behind an American Myth. New York: Little, Brown, 2019. Reagan campaign speeches, 1976, documented pp. 1–22.
  8. Dixon, Travis L., and Daniel Linz. “Overrepresentation and Underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as Lawbreakers on Television News.” Journal of Communication 50, no. 2 (2000): 131–154.
  9. Moynihan, Daniel Patrick. The Negro Family: The Case for National Action. Washington, D.C.: Office of Policy Planning and Research, U.S. Department of Labor, 1965.
  10. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105 (1996). Analysis: Grogger, Jeffrey, and Lynn A. Karoly. Welfare Reform: Effects of a Decade of Change. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.
  11. Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529 (2013). Roberts, C.J., majority opinion. Voter restriction laws implemented post-decision: Brennan Center for Justice. “New Voting Restrictions in America.” 2019. https://www.brennancenter.org/new-voting-restrictions-america
  12. Southern Poverty Law Center. “Timeline: The Trump Administration’s Attacks on History Since 2025.” Updated February 2026. https://www.splcenter.org/resources/hatewatch/attacks-history-timeline-trump-administration
  13. Executive Order 14253, “Restoring Truth and Sanity to American History,” March 27, 2025. Federal Register, Vol. 90. Human Rights Watch. “The Trump Administration’s Assaults on Black History.” April 10, 2025. https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/04/10/trump-administrations-assaults-black-history
  14. Tensley, Brandon. “The Quiet Deletion of Black History Within Federal Agencies — and the Fight to Stop It.” Capital B News, December 9, 2025. https://capitalbnews.org/trump-smithsonian-tubman-dei-order-erases-black-history/
  15. Poynter Institute. “Trump Is Reshaping How the Federal Government Presents Black History.” February 2026. https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2026/trump-administration-altering-black-history/. New York Times 200-word flagging list: reported February–March 2025.
  16. Center for American Progress. “The Trump Administration Is Erasing American History Told by Public Lands and Waters.” October 23, 2025. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-trump-administration-is-erasing-american-history-told-by-public-lands-and-waters/
  17. Philadelphia citizen response documented: Washington Informer. “Trump Administration Rewriting History.” September 16, 2025. https://www.washingtoninformer.com/trump-administration-rewriting-history/
  18. Woodson, Carter G. The Mis-Education of the Negro. Washington, D.C.: Associated Publishers, 1933. Negro History Week founding: Journal of Negro History 11, no. 2 (1926).
  19. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Ruling on DEI executive order preliminary injunction. March 2025. Reported by multiple outlets including The Washington Post and Reuters.